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README.DOC
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1986-08-08
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Introduction
As-EASY-As is a spreadsheet program written in Borland's Turbo Pascal
and consists of just over 60000 bytes of COM code. Static data
requirements are about 52000 bytes. Each cell element is stored as a
dynamic variable on the heap. To insure an adequate workspace I recomend
that this program be used on machines with at least 256K of memory. This
program is activated from DOS by typing;
ASEASY [enter]
The default drive for worksheets has been set to drive b.
This may be changed by placing a program switch on the command line.
ASEASY /A [enter] {switches default to 'A:'}
ASEASY /C [enter] {switches default to 'C:'}
For computers which utilize the Monochrome screen the following must be
used;
ASEASY /M [enter] {if there is a graphics display
turn it off as the screen access is
slowed down otherwise}
If you want a different set of colors on the color screen use this;
ASEASY /S=G [enter] {sets cursor to green}
ASEASY /S=B [enter] {sets cursor to brown}
The current size of the spreadsheet has been set at 52 columns by 200
rows. The program was developed concurrently on a Heath/Zenith Z-152 and
an IBM PC with 640K of memory. It has been successfully tested on both a
Compaq and an IBM PC jr.
Formulas and functions have been provided as well as text entry.
Version 1A does not support path names.
Absolute and relative cell formula references are allowed. All block
moves of formulas automatically resolve and change these references.
Cell formulas are calculate via a linked calculation sequence. When a
cell has been updated only referring cells are recalculated. This saves a
great amount of time when the number of formulii in the spreadsheet is
large as only those cells that need to be recalculated are effected.
Floating point errors are indicated by the appearance of *ERR* at the
position of the numerical error. Additionally all cells referencing the
error will also display the *ERR* message. All internal floating point
calculations use a 6 byte format ( 1 exponent, 5 mantissa ) which provides
11 digit accuracy. Formatted numbers which exceed the current width of a
column are displayed as a field of asterix's.
Worksheets are saved in files with an extension '.WKS'. This format
is compatible with an existing popular spreadsheet. Portions of the
spreadsheet may be extracted or combined with the file commands.
The contents of the cell highlighted by the cursor is displayed on
the top line of the screen. The code associated with the assigned format
of the cell is displayed to the left of the cell contents. The cell may be
edited by pressing the [F2] key.
In the lower left of the spreadsheet the amount of free memory
is displayed as a percentage of total memory. The status of the CAPS ,
NUMLCK ,SCROLLK and END keys is displayed on the bottom line. The current
cell being calculated is also displayed on this line. At the lower right
of the screen is a clock displaying the current time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spreadsheet Cursor Movements
The spreadsheet cursor may be moved about the screen with the following
keys.
{Left} moves cursor left one column
{Right} moves cursor right one column
{Up} moves cursor up one row
{Down} moves cursor down one row
{Home} moves cursor to cell A1, upper left corner of spreadsheet
{pageUp} moves cursor up one page , 20 rows
{PageDn} moves cursor down one page, 20 rows
{TabRight} moves cursor right one page
{TabLeft} moves cursor left one page
{End} Moves to extreme limit of field when pressed prior to
{left}, {right}, {up}, {down}
Moves to lower left of spreadsheet when pressed prior to {Home}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Editing Cursor Movements
To edit the contents of a cell press the [f2] function key. The
contents of the cell are echoed on the second line of the screen and the
cursor is positioned at the end of the line.
{Left} moves cursor left one character
{Right} moves cursor right one character
{Up} exits editing mode,saving changes and moves cursor up one row
{Down} exits editing mode,saving changes and moves cursor down one row
{Home} moves cursor to first character
{TabRight} moves cursor 8 characters to the right
{TabLeft} moves cursor 8 characters to the left
{End} Moves cursor to last character on line
{ctrl}{right} Moves to beginning of next word to the right
{ctrl}{left} Moves to beginning of next word to the left
{Ins} Inserts a space at cursor position
{Del} Deletes character under cursor
{BackSpace} Deletes character to left of cursor
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function Keys
[F2] Edit - Initiates editing of current cell highlighted by
spreadsheet cursor
[F5] Goto - Prompts for cell to reposition cursor
[F9] Calc - Recalculates entire spreadsheet in rowwise sequence
[F10] Graph - Graphs currently defined data ranges
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Text Formatting
Text may be justified by preceding it with one of the following
characters;
\ The label following this will be repeated to the width
of the column
^ Centers label in column
' Left justifies label , this is optional
" Right justifies label
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Menu Options
The menu is activated by pressing the '/' key. The menu appears on the
second line of the screen and the first command option is highlighted.
Each option may be selected via moving the cursor with the {Left} and
{Right} cursor keys so as to highlight the command choice. Once this is
done the command is activated by pressing the {ENTER} key. An alternate
method of selecting an option is to type the first letter of the option.
The third line of the screen provides some additional information
about the highlighted option ( sub menus or an explanation of the command).
Following is a list of the command options. The [ESC] key may be
pressed to step backwards out of a menu or cancel a command choice.
Main Menu Sub Menu
/Worksheet
Global - Set global format
Insert - Insert row(s) or column(s) at cursor position
Delete - Delete row(s) or column(s) at cursor position
ColumnWidth - Adjust the column width
Status
Manual - Select manual recalculation, press [F9]
Automatic - Select automatic recalculation
Iterations - Set the number of times a single cell may
recalculated due to a looped reference.
Default is 1 iteration.
SheetBounds- Display the current worksheet boundary
Quit - Return to main menu
/Range
Format - Fixed, Scientific, ',' , Currency, Percent
Erase - Erase a range of cells
/Copy - copies a block of data to position of cursor
/Move - moves a block of data to position of cursor
/File
Retrieve - Read .WKS file into spreadsheet
Save - Write spreadsheet as a .WKS file
Xtract - Extract a portion of the sheet as .WKS file
Merge - Merge an existing sheet to the current sheet
Direct substitution occurs
List - List worksheet files on disk in current drive
Dir - Change current drive
Quit - Return to main menu
/Print
Printer - send output to lpt1
File - send output to a disk file
Range - Define range of spreadsheet to be printed
Page - Advance printer to top of next page
Line - Advance printer one line up
Align - ReSet line pointer to top of page
Options
RtMargin - Set Right Margin (0..240)
LtMargin - Set left Margin (0..240)
Setup - Control codes to printer in ascii ,i.e. \027\069
PageLength - Set the number of lines per page ,default 66
Header - Set a single line for header message
Footer - Set a single line for footer message
Quit - return to previous menu
Go - Initiate the printing of the file
Quit - return to the main menu
/Graph
Type
x-y - x-y line and/or with symbols graph
Bar - Bar chart
Quit - Return to previous menu
X - define x - ordinate data range to be plotted
A - define first y - ordinate data range
B - define second y - ordinate data range
C - define third y - ordinate data range
Scale
X-axis
Upper - Set Upper Scale limit
( note upper can be less than lower limit )
Lower - Set lower Scale limit
Format - select display format, i.e. currency, percent ...
Step - Select number of steps across axis
Quit - Return to previous menu
Options
Titles
Main - Define main title string on graph
Second - Define second title string on graph
X-Axis - Define the x-axis title
Y-Axis - Define the y-axis title
Green - Set hires screen color to green
Brown - Set hires screen color to brown
Quit - Return to previous menu
View - View the graph { requires graphics screen 200x640 }
Quit - Return to the main menu
/Quit - Exit the spreadsheet to DOS.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mathematical Operators
Cells are referenced as absolute or relative. An absolute cell has the
row or column to be fixed preceded by a '$'. i.e. $A1 fixes column 'A'
portion of cell. A block copy of this cell will not alter the 'A' portion
of the cell. $A$1 fixes both the row an column portion of the cell.
Without the '$' all copies of the cell formula will result in a
translation of the cell reference so that it maintains a relative
reference. Cell references must be preceded by either a '+' or '-' sign.
- Performs negation of following term
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
^ Exponentiation
Example in cell A1 = +B1-A2*3+A4^3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logical Operators
Operators return a value of 1 if true and 0 if false.
= Equal
<> Not Equal
>= Greater Than or Equal
<= Less Than or Equal
< Less Than
> Greater Than
AND
OR
NOT
NA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Function
@ABS(x) absolute value of arguement
@INT(x) Integer value of arguement,
-35680 < x < 35678
@SQRT(x) Square root of arguement
@LOG(x) Logarithmn to base '10'
@LN(x) Natural Logarithmn base 'e'
@PI Constant has a value of 3.14159...
@SIN(x) Sine of angle, x in radians
@COS(x) Cosine of angle, x in radians
@TAN(x) Tangent of angle, x in radians
@ATAN(x) Arc Tangent of value, returns radians
@ASIN(x) Arc sine of value, returns radians
@ACOS(x) Arc cosine of value, returns radians
@EXP(x) Raise 'e' to the 'x' power
@MOD(x,y) Modula division, returns remainder of x/y
@NA Constant has a value of -1
@TRUE Constant has a value of 1
@FALSE Constant has a value of 0
@RAND Returns a variable random number
@DATE(Year,Month,Day)
Returns a unique integer for each day since Jan 1,1900
@TODAY Returns the unique integer corresponding to todays date
referenced to Jan 1, 1900
@IF(Test arguement,arg1,arg2)
Based on result of test returns value of arg1 if true
value of arg2 if false
Test must utilize logical operators >,<,=,<> etc.
i.e. @if(10>2,3*2,4+5) = 6
@IF(10<2,3*2,4+5) = 9
@YEAR(x) Based on unique day assigned to 'x', computes the year in which
day occurs
@ROUND(x,y) Rounds real value to y digits after decimal
i.e. @ROUND(10.123,1) = 10.1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial Functions
@PMT(Principal,interest rate,period)
Returns the amount of an annuity equal to the principal
amortized over the period.
@PV(Annuity,interest rate,period)
Returns the present value corresponding to an annuity occuring
over the specified period. Reverse of the above.
@FV(Annuity,interest rate,period)
Returns the future value corresponding to an annuity occuring
over the specified period. Reverse of the above.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistical Functions
These functions operate on a range of values. A range specifies
a rectangular block of data in the spreadsheet.
Only one range may be used as an arguement. i.e. Range = A1..B10
defines the block of data from a1 ...b1
. .
. .
a10...b10
When specifying the range two dots 'must' be used to seperate cells.
@SUM(Range) Returns the summation of the range
@AVG(Range) Returns the average of the range
@COUNT(Range) Returns the number of elements in the range
@MIN(Range) Returns the value of then minimum element in the range
@MAX(Range) Returns the value of the maximum element in the range
@VAR(Range) Returns the population variance of the elements in the range
@STD(Range) Returns the standard deviation of the elements in the range
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hyperbolic Functions
@SINH(x) Hyperbolic Sine
@COSH(x) Hyperbolic Cosine
@TANH(x) Hyperbolic Tangent
@ASINH(x) Arc of Hyperbolic Sine
@ACOSH(x) Arc of Hyperbolic Cosine
@ATANH(x) Arc of Hyperbolic Tangent
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uploaded to the IBM PC SIG Of DiSC III on Aug 8, 1986
DiSC III (416)487-2889 300/1200/2400 baud 24hrs